Legal Construction of Algorithm Interpretation: Path of Algorithm Accountability

Nowadays the development of AI technology is not yet mature, let alone the legal definition and regulation of its type, even the type of technology itself is full of uncertain factors. Because of the rapid development of technology and the openness of theories, scientists have not yet formed a unified consensus and system on cutting-edge technical issues. Therefore, at present, governments all over the world are actively formulating the development plans of AI, but the supervision and regulation of AI are scattered and lagging behind. There is nothing wrong with encouraging the development of new technologies, but the application of technologies requires a responsible response to various ethical demands from human society. No matter what form of AI technology and its application are inseparable from the algorithm and the issue of “algorithm accountability” may probably be a focus of legal regulations on AI and the path of accountability is algorithm interpretation. It is desirable but regrettable that the EU’s GDPR stipulates the non-binding “right to explanation”. But the stop of GDPR is exactly the starting point of constructing the algorithm interpretation mechanism in law

Legal Construction of Algorithm Interpretation

Nowadays the development of AI technology is not yet mature, let alone the legal definition and regulation of its type, even the type of technology itself is full of uncertain factors. Because of the rapid development of technology and the openness of theories, scientists have not yet formed a unified consensus and system on cutting-edge technical issues. Therefore, at present, governments all over the world are actively formulating the development plans of AI, but the supervision and regulation of AI are scattered and lagging behind. There is nothing wrong with encouraging the development of new technologies, but the application of technologies requires a responsible response to various ethical demands from human society. No matter what form of AI technology and its application are inseparable from the algorithm and the issue of “algorithm accountability” may probably be a focus of legal regulations on AI and the path of accountability is algorithm interpretation. It is desirable but regrettable that the EU’s GDPR stipulates the non-binding “right to explanation”. But the stop of GDPR is exactly the starting point of constructing the algorithm interpretation mechanism in law

Understanding Team Influence on Professionals’ Acceptance of Large- Scale Systems

This paper highlights the importance of team influence in affecting professionals’ acceptance of large-scale information systems. A longitudinal study involving 103 physicians was conducted with two data collections performed three months apart. The results show that team influence has a significant effect on perceived usefulness, but not on perceived ease of use, and that satisfaction with using the system of interest is significantly affected by team influence, but not by perceived usefulness. The findings make contributions to both research and practice of information systems

Understanding the Influence of Team Climate on IT Use

This article contributes to the technology acceptance literature by providing an enriched understanding about how team climate for innovation affects end users’ IT use. Empirical data collected from 103 physicians shows that team climate significantly affects the use of a computerized physician order entry system through the mediation of performance expectancy and facilitating conditions. Team climate also affects users’ subjective norm, yet subjective norm is not found to have a significant impact on IT use. Our findings confirm the importance of user’s’ proximal social network in voluntary settings, demonstrating that team climate influences IT use behaviors by changing users’ cognitive perceptions rather than their normative beliefs

Low-intensity anomaly involving ML≥4 events preceding strong earthquakes in Tibet

Seismic quiescence or enhanced phenomena are anomalous changes against the background of normal seismic activity. Preliminary studies have found that earthquakes with a magnitude of ML≥4 often occur at a low occurrence frequency before giant earthquakes in Tibet. This study analyzed the catalog of ML≥4 earthquakes from 2008 to 2022 and examined the anomalous occurrence of ML≥4 earthquakes preceding most ML≥6 earthquakes. When the monthly occurrence frequency of ML≥4 earthquakes was lower than 4 times over six consecutive months, the subsequent occurrence of ML≥6 earthquakes was highly likely as evidenced by observations. The anomalous characteristics of low-intensity activities were analyzed as a medium- and short-term forecasting index for large earthquakes in the Tibetan area

Loss‐of‐Function Genetic Screening Identifies Aldolase A as an Essential Driver for Liver Cancer Cell Growth Under Hypoxia

Background and aims: Hypoxia is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic drug resistance through a myriad of cell activities in tumor and stroma cells. While targeting hypoxic TME is emerging as a promising strategy for treating solid tumors, preclinical development of this approach is lacking in the study of HCC. Approach and results: From a genome-wide CRISPR/CRISPR-associated 9 gene knockout screening, we identified aldolase A (ALDOA), a key enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, as an essential driver for HCC cell growth under hypoxia. Knockdown of ALDOA in HCC cells leads to lactate depletion and consequently inhibits tumor growth. Supplementation with lactate partly rescues the inhibitory effects mediated by ALDOA knockdown. Upon hypoxia, ALDOA is induced by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and fat mass and obesity-associated protein-mediated N6 -methyladenosine modification through transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, respectively. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas shows that elevated levels of ALDOA are significantly correlated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC. In a screen of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs based on structured hierarchical virtual platforms, we identified the sulfamonomethoxine derivative compound 5 (cpd-5) as a potential inhibitor to target ALDOA, evidenced by the antitumor activity of cpd-5 in preclinical patient-derived xenograft models of HCC. Conclusions: Our work identifies ALDOA as an essential driver for HCC cell growth under hypoxia, and we demonstrate that inhibition of ALDOA in the hypoxic TME is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HCC

RNA-binding protein RALY reprogrammes mitochondrial metabolism via mediating miRNA processing in colorectal cancer

Objective: Dysregulated cellular metabolism is a distinct hallmark of human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, metabolic programme rewiring during tumour progression has yet to be fully understood. Design: We analysed altered gene signatures during colorectal tumour progression, and used a complex of molecular and metabolic assays to study the regulation of metabolism in CRC cell lines, human patient-derived xenograft mouse models and tumour organoid models. Results: We identified a novel RNA-binding protein, RALY (also known as hnRNPCL2), that is highly associated with colorectal tumour aggressiveness. RALY acts as a key regulatory component in the Drosha complex, and promotes the post-transcriptional processing of a specific subset of miRNAs (miR-483, miR-676 and miR-877). These miRNAs systematically downregulate the expression of the metabolism-associated genes (ATP5I, ATP5G1, ATP5G3 and CYC1) and thereby reprogramme mitochondrial metabolism in the cancer cell. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveals that increased levels of RALY are associated with poor prognosis in the patients with CRC expressing low levels of mitochondrion-associated genes. Mechanistically, induced processing of these miRNAs is facilitated by their N6-methyladenosine switch under reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. Inhibition of the m6A methylation abolishes the RALY recognition of the terminal loop of the pri-miRNAs. Knockdown of RALY inhibits colorectal tumour growth and progression in vivo and in organoid models. Conclusions: Collectively, our results reveal a critical metabolism-centric role of RALY in tumour progression, which may lead to cancer therapeutics targeting RALY for treating CRC